• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A row of horizontally spaced apart in situ oil shale retorts is formed in a subterranean formation containing oil shale. Each row is formed by excavating at least a pair of upper and lower retort access drifts at elevations within the top and bottom boundaries of the retort sites. The access drifts extend through opposite side boundaries of a plurality of retorts in such row. Each retort is formed by excavating upper and lower horizontal voids at the levels of the upper and lower right access drifts, respectively, such voids being excavated laterally from the access drift within the side boundaries of the retort sites. Each retort is formed by explosively expanding formation toward the upper and lower voids within the boundaries of the retort site to form a fragmented permeable mass of particles containing oil shale in each retort. Following formation of each retort, the retort access drifts on the advancing side of the retort are at least partially sealed, preferably with a mass of formation particles covered by a gas impermeable layer and backfilled with a further mass of formation particles.
    公开号:SU1090265A3
    申请号:SU782641004
    申请日:1978-07-13
    公开日:1984-04-30
    发明作者:Б.Френч Гордон
    申请人:Оксидентал Ойл Шейл,Инк (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drifts of the upper and lower horizons of access to the retort are simultaneously made.
    3. Method according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, which is based on the fact that the excavation of horizontal cavities on one of the horizons is carried out simultaneously by excavating at least a part of the corresponding access gate to the retort on this horizon.
    4. Method according to paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the edges of the upper and lower horizontal cavities at the location of the retort are arranged in common vertical planes.
    5. Method according to paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the drifts of the upper and lower horizons of access to the retort are performed in the middle of the corresponding upper and lower horizontal cavities.
    6. Method according to paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that, in the drift of at least one intermediate horizon located between the drifts of the upper and lower horizons of access to the retort and passing through the opposite lateral boundaries of the retort location, the horizontal cavities of the intermediate horizon in the undigested rock along the drift are dredged intermediate horizon within the boundaries of the location of the retort.
    7. Method according to paragraphs. 1-6, which means that at least two
    the ventilation drifts and the drift of the access to the retort between these vents with the single drifts, and then at least part of the cavities are dredged along the indicated drift of access to the retrot.
    8. Method according to paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the first main upper access gate of the retort is dredged in succession, the first main lower drift of the access to the retort is below the first main upper drift, the second main upper access gate of the retort is parallel to the specified first main upper drift , the recess of the second main lower access drift of the retort, located below the second main upper access drift of the retort and parallel to the specified first main lower drift, the notch of the drift the upper horizon of access to the retort so that the opposite ends of such a drift go out to the first and
    in the second main upper access drifts of access to the retort, the excavation of the drift of the lower access horizon to the retort so that the opposite ends of such drift extend into the first and second second lower drift of access to the retort.
    9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the drifts of the upper and lower horizons of access to the retort and the cavities associated with them between the first and second main roads of the access to the retort are excavated prior to expansion by the explosion of the rock to form a retort.
    one
    The invention relates to mining and can be used in the development of shale deposits by underground distillation.
    A known method for extracting liquid and gaseous products from a retort in situ in a subterranean formation containing oil shale, including the drift drift of the first and the lower horizons. Gupa to the retort
    the cavities are excavated from the indicated drifts, one of which is located along the upper access drift of the retort and has a horizontal section larger than the horizontal section of the access drift to the retort. At the location of the retort the zone of the undigested reservoir rock is left, the bottom surface of which is bordered by. t mp at the specified location, an explosive collapse of the zone of uncrushed formation rock is carried out in the direction of the specified bottom surface with the formation of a fragmented permeable mass containing combustible antsy within upper, lower and lateral borders and location retort per gon dissolved in fractured oil shales give mass to liquid and gaseous products lj. The disadvantage of this method is that in accordance with it a vertically positioned columnar cavity is formed, the rock expands by explosion towards the vertical free cavities, which leads to the formation of a large number of cavities in that part of the crushed mass, which was occupied before the rock crushing by a vertical columnar cavity. , and to the uneven coverage of the fragmented mass by the flow of heating gas, to the appearance of zones in which the extraction of liquid products from shale is insignificant. To the present invention is a method of forming retorts for distilling oil shale, which includes carrying out the lower horizon of access to the retort being created through the lateral border of the specified retort, dredging the cavity extending in the horizontal plane in front of the retort location boundaries and having a horizontal cross section that is much larger than the horizontal transverse the cross section of the Kitsygos connection with it, the access road to the retort, the loading of the undivided rock area with an explosive and the expansion of the specified adult zone in the direction of the horizontal free surface with the formation of a fragmented permeable mass of rock particles within the upper, lower, and lateral boundaries in an uncrusted genus. In this case, horizontal bands at the location of the retort form a rectangular shape in a horizontal cross section, which is essentially similar to the horizontal cross section of the retort location, and left in the cavity of indestructible rock columns that repel an explosion along with the expansion of the zone. breeds within the location of the retort 2. However, the known method concerns only the formation of single retorts and does not provide for a rational sequence of their construction and quipment with a minimum non-economic recovery of the breed. The purpose of the invention is to improve the efficiency of the process. Distillation due to more uniform crushing of the rock containing oil shale, reduction of oil shale losses and time for the preparation and mining of the deposit. This goal is achieved in that according to the method for extracting liquid and gaseous products from underground formations containing oil shale, including conducting a lower generation of access to the retort being created through the lateral boundary of the said retort, dredging the lower horizontal cavity within the boundaries of the retort being created, the horizontal section of which is larger the horizontal section of the access to the retort and has a rectangular shape, similar to the horizontal section of the retort, leaving in the cavity indicated x pillars, explosive destruction of uncrushed rock within the retort in the direction of the horizontal column with the formation of permeable mass of oil shale particles within the upper, lower and lateral borders of the retort, simultaneous with the destruction of the rock destruction of supporting pillars, distilling crushed rock containing combustible shale to produce liquid and gaseous products, before the destruction of the rock in the upper part of the retort, an additional development of access to the retort is carried out; they form from it the upper horizontal bands s and uncrushed rock explosive destruction within the retort is produced concurrently in direction of the upper and lower horizontal cavities. In addition, the drifts of the upper and lower horizons of access to the retort are simultaneously excavated. The excavation of horizontal cavities on one of the horizons is carried out simultaneously with the excavation of at least a part of the corresponding access gate to the retort on this horizon. The outer edges of the upper and lower horizontal cavities at the location of the retort are located in common vertical planes. The lines of the upper and lower horizons of access to the retort are made in the middle of the corresponding upper and lower horizontal cavities. In the drift, at least one intermediate horizon located between the drifts of the upper and lower horizons of access to the retorts and passing through opposite lateral borders of the retreat location, excavates the horizontal cavities of the intermediate horizon in the non-crushed rock along the drift of the intermediate horizon within the borders of the retort location. In addition, at least two ventilation slots and a retort access drift between these air drifts are dredged, and then at least part of the cavities along the specified access drift to the retort are dredged. Next, the first main upper drift is dredged to the retort, the notch of the first main lower drift of access to the retort below the specified first main upper drift, the notch of the second main upper drift of access to the retort, parallel to the indicated first major at the upper drift, the notch of the second main lower drift of access to the retort, located below the second main upper drift of access to the retort and parallel to the indicated first main lower drift, the notch of the drift of the upper horizon of access to the retort so that the opposite ends of such a drift are output to the first and in the second major belief, the access drifts to the retort, the drift notch in the lower horizon of access to the retort so that the opposite ends of such drift go out to the first and second major drifts Access to the retort. Also, the drifts of the upper and lower horizons of access to the retort and the cavities associated with them between the first and second main drifts of access to the retort are excavated before the rock expands to form a retort. Figure 1 shows a diagram of a partially prepared for the distillation of a layer of combustible shale; in Fig.2 a schematic section of the reservoir along the vertical in Fig.Z is a schematic section of the reservoir along the vertical (section A-A in Fig.2); figure 4 - section of the reservoir vertically, dismantling the jumper; FIG. 3 shows a horizontal section of the formation with an alternative option for forming horizontal cavities. The diagrams in Figures 1-5 are made, for greater consistency, in violation of actual scales. For example, a fragmented mass in a retort can be in the form of a cube measuring 37–61 m, and a pillar of unbroken rock between retorts can be Amy less in size. The method is carried out as follows. In the zone of excavation 1 of rock 2 containing oil shale, rock is excavated and for explosive collapse to form retorts 3. In the preparation zone of retort 4, explosive rock collapse takes place with formation of permeable crushed mass in each retort 3. Disintegrated is distilled in zone 5. the mass in each retort 3 to obtain liquid and gaseous products. All these stages can be carried out in different zones of the formation simultaneously. In preparing the system, the retorts in the upper part of the reservoir are dredged from the main drift system 6 of the ventilation layer, and the main drift system 7 of the productive horizon is selected in the lower part of the layer. Between the upper and lower boundaries of the formed retorts 3 form one or more entry systems for accessing retorts, for example, the upper main entry system for the retorts access horizon 8, the intermediate main entry system 9 and the lower main drift system 10. The vents for the ventilation horizon have the upper limits for the retorts and the drifts of the productive horizon are below the lower boundaries of the retorts. The development of the main ventricular horizon, the productive horizon and the drifts of access to the retorts pass along the perimeter of a part of the reservoir under development, forming right angles between them. Retorts 3 have parallel rows that pass between opposite parallel sections of the main drift systems. Along the first ends, the retort 3 conducts the first main drift 6 of the ventilation horizon, the first drift of the productive horizon and the first main upper, intermediate and lower drifts 8-10 of the horizon of access to the retorts. The second main ventilation horizon and the drifts 11 and 12 of the productive horizon, the second main upper, intermediate, and lower drifts 13-15 of the retort access horizon, are conducted along the second retort 10's. The drift 16, which serves as a gas collector, is guided below the drift system of the production horizon. The communication between the main drift systems and the earth's surface provides one or more vertical shafts, and access to the drift 16 is provided by a separate, gas-isolated trunk. The ventilation horizon, the productive horizon, the upper, intermediate, and lower horizons of access to the retorts include each of a series of parallel, vertically spaced transverse drifts 17–21, perpendicular to the main drifts. The ends of the pepper drifts of the ventilation, productive horizons and the horizons of access to the retorts open into the corresponding first and second main ventilation drifts located at opposite ends of the transverse drifts. Each transverse drift 18 of the productive horizon is conducted with a small slope to ensure the flow of liquid distillate products in the direction of the main drift system of the productive horizon. The lateral drifts of the ventilation horizon are conducted in the vertical plane passing through the lateral boundaries of the retorts in adjacent rows. Similarly, each cross-road drift 18 of the productive horizon is located, but below the lower borders of the river, directly below the corresponding cross-road drift 17 of the ventilation horizon. The lateral drifts 17 of the ventilation horizon provide air for ventilation or distillation for two adjacent rows of retorts. To form a liquid-collector system perpendicular to the axis of the opposite ends of each transverse drift 18 of the productive horizon, a plurality of longitudinally spaced shortened drifts 22 connected to a place located below the center of the retort on one side of the transverse drift of the productive horizon and used for collecting liquid distillates are selected. Gaseous products are transported to the gas collector drift 16. Liquid and gaseous distillation products reach shortened drifts 22 using drilled wells 23 (FIG. 2) between each shortened drift and the lower border of the retort. Within the boundaries of the location of each retort (Fig. 1), three vertically spaced horizontal cavities 24-26 of a rectangular section are formed from the respective access horizons to the retorts. The volume of the cavities can be 15-25% of the total volume of the retort formed; The lateral drifts of the access horizon to retorts 19–21 are 9 m wide and 6 m high, and the corresponding horizontal cavities are chosen with the same height with a length and width of 61 m, with or without rear pillars (FIG. 5) the cavity is increased so that its volume is equal to the volume of the cavity without supporting pillars. The lateral drifts of the ventilation horizon pass simultaneously with the excavation of drifts of the productive horizon and the horizon of access to the retorts, starting from the first major drifts of the ventilation horizon, the productive horizon and the horizon of access to the retorts 11-15 on one side of the row in the direction of the second main drifts 27 -31 on the opposite side of the row, which improves ventilation conditions. Each transverse drift of the productive horizon passes simultaneously or ahead of the corresponding transverse drifts of the ventilation horizon or the horizon of access to the retorts. It is possible to conduct transverse drifts before excavation of horizontal cavities. For that, after forming transverse drifts of the second set of main drifts, the cavities are selected by reverse movement from the second set of main drifts.
    In addition, these cavities and transverse drifts can be developed directly through the simultaneous formation of cavities and part of the transverse drifts of the access horizons to the retros as the dredging from one set of the main drifts of the access horizon to the retorts in the direction of another set of main drifts of the access horizon is advanced.
    When driving transverse drifts along their strike, a number of vertical passages of rising production 32 are connected, connected with corresponding drifts passages 33-37, and for each group of four retorts there is a separate passage in this row. Barrier pillars of uncrushed rock between groups of four retorts in a given row should be twice as wide as barrier pillars between retorts in the Limits of a group of four retorts to accommodate reckless mining aisles. In addition, for each pair of neighboring rows, it is possible to form retorts in these rows in the form of two adjacent groups of four retorts in the row, with the formation of eight retorts along the strike of similar neighboring rows. The lateral drifts of the ventilation and productive horizons are located along the middle lines of such bushes. The configuration of each bypass riser can be. And other than those shown in figure 1.
    In the process of preparation, retort passages 33-37, of rising production 32, are used as ore passes in the transverse drift 18, where the rock is transported by a conveyor or scraper in the direction of the main drifts for further rise to the surface.
    As the retort continues to be mined, these upstream production passages are not used to lower the ore, but to ventilate the drift lines of the access horizon and the productive horizon.
    These recessing passages 32 are offset relative to
    transversal drifts so that in the bottoms of such transversal drifts there is no danger for the working channels, and also so that the flat rock does not clog the transverse drifts of the productive horizon.
    After the construction of each set of horizontal cavities 24-26, a blasting collapse is carried out in the direction of the said cavities, for which subterranean holes are drilled in the intercavitary pillars as well as in the supporting pillars in the cavities. A variant is possible in which rock caving is also performed over the upper horizontal cavity, for which blasting holes are also used in the ceiling of this cavity. Then, explosive collapse of rocks is carried out, and in the presence of supporting pillars inside the cavities, these supporting pillars are first undermined. For more effective ventilation of the workings, the collapsed rocks in all retorts of one row can be carried out only after the entire row of transverse drifts and cavities between the first and second main drifts at opposite ends of the row are excavated, and it is desirable to perform a collapse successively as you progress along the p This is illustrated in Fig. Zii where in the retort 38 the collapse is produced with the formation of a fractured mass of the landers. The blasting is then moved to the right and the next retort is prepared.
    After the collapse, gas barriers 39 are formed in BepxHeMj between the intermediate and lower transverse drifts of the access horizons to the retorts IU, previously formed on E (by a fractured mass and lateral border of the formed retort of the formed retort. Some of the barriers are already formed when rocks are formed in the retorts due to the result. crushed rock 40 in them. This crushed rock in drifts is covered with a layer 41 of material that increases the degree of impermeability of the gas barrier 39, for example, is concrete, gunned or pneumatic concrete this rock. Additionally, synthetic resins may be applied to this layer. During concreting it is possible to reinforce gas barriers with steel, apply sealing clay to the surface of the mass 40, an D0-centimeter layer of which is sufficient to ensure the durability and durability of the impermeable barrier. Impermeable layer 41 is then covered with a protective a layer of 42 particles, for example, crushed rock or clay, to protect the layer 41 from possible shock loads during aggressive work. For this, a protective layer of 60 cm is sufficient.
    As a result of the explosions, the channels are also sealed in the shortened lateral drifts, which leads to the isolation of the transversal drifts of the ventilation horizon, productive horizon and horizons of access to retorts from each other. The leading shortened drifts bypassing the rise are sealed by loading crushed rock particles into the drifts and concreting or spraying the rock heaps with cement mortar with backfilling, if necessary, a protective layer.
    After termination of rock crushing and isolation, the retorts are drilled into a plurality of gas inlet channels 23, located diagonally downward with a deviation from the transverse drift 17 of the ventilation horizon to the upper boundary of the retort in order to ensure the supply of oxygen-containing gas during distillation. Similarly, from shortened drifts 22, adjacent to the transverse drift 18 of the productive horizon, a multitude of wells or gesencs 43 are drilled up to the lower boundary of the retort to remove liquid and gas WJ3 // .-- --- / 01 -.-- BUT
    -d -ly rri f-j-si Mj f / G STG-G-if-1 ::
    zbgiz 9i.g bonds wif
    figurative products from retorts to the cross-road 18 of the productive horizon. The air inlet channels 23 and gesenca 43 can be drilled, if necessary, before sub-rock formation.
    In the process of burning shale, the burning zone moves down through the crushed mass, the combustion products heat the lower layers, forming a distillation zone, where liquid and gaseous products are removed from the shale, which then pass through the gesenes, shortened drifts 22, transverse drifts 18 and advance along the main the drifts of productive horizon 7 and 12 from their slope, being collected in settling basins on. each end of the crosshead drift of the productive horizon. To the surface, these products are pumped out of the sump by pumps, and the exhaust gases are released to the surface from the gas collector drift 16.
    Along with the description above, the symmetrical arrangement of workings and retorts. POSSIBILITY9 and their asymmetric arrangement. It is also possible the formation of retorts by blasting rocks by an explosion on vertically located cavities.
    The invention contributes to a more rational development of shale deposits, reduces the loss of oil shale, reduces the time for preparation and development of deposits, improves the parameters of the distillation process due to more uniform crushing of rocks in retorts, increases the safety of underground work.
    33
    / J f7
    34 35
    nm
    Z1
    (put. 5
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. METHOD FOR REMOVING LIQUID AND GAS PRODUCTS FROM UNDERGROUND FORMATIONS CONTAINING COMBUSTIVE SHEPS, including lower access to the retort being created through the lateral border of the specified retort, the notch of the lower horizontal cavity within the borders of the retort being created, the horizontal section of which is accessed and has a rectangular shape, similar to put.] similar to the horizontal section of the retort, leaving the pillars in the indicated cavity, explosive destruction is not fragmented of the rock within the retort in the direction of the horizontal cavity with the formation of a permeable mass of oil shale particles within the upper, lower and lateral boundaries of the retort, simultaneous destruction of the rock, destruction of the pillars, distillation of the crushed rock containing oil shale to produce liquid and gaseous products, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of the distillation process, before the 8 destruction of the rock in the upper part of the retort, they additionally develop access to the retort, form from it hnyuyu horizontal cavity explosive destruction uncrushed rock within the retort are performed simultaneously in the direction of the upper and lower horizontal cavities.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the same time they excavate the drifts of the upper and lower horizons of access to the retort.
    [3]
    3. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the horizontal cavities are excavated at one of the horizons simultaneously with at least a portion of the corresponding retort access drift at that horizon.
    [4]
    4. The method according to PP. 1-3, ό t ll, which is that the outer edges of the upper and lower horizontal cavities at the location of the retort are located in common vertical planes.
    [5]
    5. The method according to PP. 1-4, characterized in that the drifts of the upper and lower horizons of access to the retort perform in the middle of their respective upper and lower horizontal cavities.
    [6]
    6. The method according to PP. 1-5, characterized in that, in the drift of at least one intermediate horizon located between the drifts of the upper and lower horizons of access to the retort and passing through the opposite lateral boundaries of the retort location, excavate the horizontal cavities of the intermediate horizon in uncrushed rock along the drift of the intermediate horizon within the boundaries of the retort location.
    [7]
    7. The method according to PP. 1-6, which entails that at least two ventilation drifts and a retort access drift are made between these ventilation drifts, and then at least part of the cavities are excavated along the retort access drift.
    [8]
    8. The way popp. 1-7, characterized in that the first main upper drift of access to the retort, the first main lower drift of access to the retort below said first main upper drift, the second main upper drift of access to the retort parallel to the specified first main upper drift is sequentially excavated, recess of the second main lower drift of access to the retort, located below the second main upper drift of access to the retort and parallel to the specified first main lower drift, recess of the drift and the upper horizon of access to the retort so that the opposite ends of such a drift go to the first and second main upper drifts of access to the retort, the notch of the drift of the lower horizon of access to the retort so that the opposite ends of such a drift go to the first and second main lower drifts to retort.
    [9]
    9. The method of pop. 8, characterized in that they remove the drifts of the upper and lower horizons of access to the retort and the associated cavities between the first and second main drifts of access to the retort before expanding the rock explosion to form a retort.
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    同族专利:
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US05/815,799|US4106814A|1977-07-15|1977-07-15|Method of forming in situ oil shale retorts|
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